Fluid losses into the formation are avoided by the employment of lost circulation materials. Seepage losses, spontaneous or artificial cracks, can all result in the loss of spacer or cement fluids into the formation. Fibrous (such as cedar bark, shredded cane stalks, mineral fibre, and hair), flaky (such as mica flakes and bits of plastic or cellophane sheeting), or granular materials are frequently employed as lost-circulation materials (ground and sized limestone or marble, wood, nut hulls, Formica, corncobs and cotton hulls).
INDIAN MUDS & CHEMICALS
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